Brush and method of making the same



Aug. 21, 1923.

F. S. CHANONHOUSE BRUSH AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed'June 1, 1922WITNESS A NOR/V578 Patented Aug. 21, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK S. CHANONHOUSE, OF MALDEN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO JOHN L.WHITING-J. J. ADAMS CO., OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OFMASSACHUSETTS.

BRUSH AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

Application filed June 1, 1922.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK S. CHANON- HOUSE, a citizen of the UnitedStates of America, and resident of Maiden, county of Middlesex. State ofMassachusetts, have iuvented certain newand useful Improvements inBrushes and Methods of Making the Same, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to the construction of brushes, more particularlysuch as are made of bristles, and the invention is designed to provide asecure method of bolding the bristles in a bristle holder and at thesame time satisfactorily uniting the bristle holder with the brush back.

Herelofore it has been repeatedly pro posed to construct brushes bysetting a tuft or knot of bristles in soup-like holder and then fixingthis holder to the brush back, but the diflicult-y with all of suchbrushes was that the bristles were-not held properly and the brush in ashort time went to pieces. I have discovered that the reason for theprior failures was the-absence of eo operation between the means reliedupon to hold the bristles in the bristle hdfier on the one hand, and themeanswhe'reby the bristle holder was fastened .to the brush on theother, but that cooperation betwecn these two means will, on theothcrhand, produce a brush which is practically. indestructible and whichwilt hold the bristles until the brush is wornout.

My invention. is illustrated in the accomprmying drawings, in whichFigs. 1 to 7 represent, diagrammatically, various stages in theoperation of producing the brush.

In the drawings (1 represents a. knot of bristles or hair or similarmaterial which is inserted in any appropriate manner in the ferrule oreyelet b. Thiseyelet b is prefer ably annealed, is open at both ends andis provided with a permanent flange r. at its wider end. From the flangec the eyelet tapers slightly, say with a six degree taper. toward therear. The eyelet is described in detail and in this art the use of sucheyelets is, I believe. Wholly new. After the knot of bristles has beeninserted in one of these eyelets so as to substantially till the sameand to Fit snugly therein at the butt ends of the bristles, the eyeletis drawn back to a slight extent as indicated, for instance, in Fig. 2.

.be larger and wider than in the case where Serial No. 565,112.

and the end of the knot of bristles is caused to be permeated withrubber or a similar substance. The eyelet is then drawn back on the knotof bristles to a. position corresFp ondmg approximately to that shown in'1g. 3 or in other words until its smaller end closely approaches butdoes not reach the ends of the bristles. The thus prepared tuftscarrying the ferrules or eyelets are exposed to a vulca-nizin treatment.

A metal brush back d is provided with suitable apertures e for thereception of such tufts of bristles, whereupon the brush back cl isplaced in a suitable press, and the individual tufts inserted in theapertures in the manner shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing, and thereupondies f, 9 become operative upon the eyelet or ferrule b. As the diesapproach each other it will be observed that their first action will beto constrict the narrower end of the eyelets as illustrated in Fig. 4,thereby compressing the vulcanized rubber in which the knots of bristlesare embedded at this point. pressed bristles is such that they havereached their maximum amount of compression, the sides of the eyeletbegin to yield,

bulging outwardly as indicated diagram- When' the resistance of thecomma'tically in Fig. 4 and being finally fipresscd down as shown inFig. 5, to form a ripe I: which engages the brush back a? on the surfaceopposite to this engaged by the flange 0.

It will be observed that in making brushes in this way, it will'bealmost impossible that the same number of bristles shall be atany onetime contained in the eyelets b and that there will be considerablevariations due to this fact. If the eyelets are so filled with bristlesand rubber that they offer resistance to the action of the dies at anearly stage, the flange It will begin to form shortly after the diesbegin to approach each other and will there are fewer bristles in theeyelet. In either case, however, the flange h (to-operating with theflange 0 will form a secure and permanent method of attachment betweenthe eyelet 7) and the metal brush back (I and in either case the upperor contracted end of the eyelets 7) will always. irrespective of thenumber of bristles contained therein. represent the same maximumcontraction with respect to the resistance offered by the bristles. Inother words, the resultant caparity of retaining the bristles in theferrule will be alike, no matter to wliatextent the eyelet was filledwith bristles in the first instance. I

It will also be observed that the projectin butt ends of the bristlesembedded in Va canized rubber, are wider at the end of the process thanthe narrow end of the ferrule, whereby a most secure and substantiallyindestructible means for holding the bristles in the brush is broughtabout. The eyelets can be made in almost any desired size or shape,although they are preferably made round. For certain types of brush,however, the eyelet may be oval and the entire brush instead of beingcomposed of a multiplicity of tufts be constituted of one single tuft.It is important and essential that the folds or shoulders constitutingthe flange h are not completely formed in the eyelet until after theeyelet is inserted in the brush back. I am aware that it has beenproposed to form eyelets with shoulders intermediate of their ends andthen forming the connection be tween the eyelets and the brush back bybending over the terminal edge of the eyelet as a flange. This is not,however, the method employed in the present invention, which consistsessentially in forming or giving final shape to the flange It after theeyelets have been brought into assembling position with the brush back,whereby there is achieved not only a perfect union between the eyeletsand the brush back but also a substantially perfect manner of retainingthe bristles in the eyelets themselves.

The pressure exercised by the dies is such that as the folds h andflange c areclamped together against the brush back (i, the ferrule willnot turn.

Various modifications may be made Within the scope of the claims withoutdeparting from the nature of my invention.

I claim: a

1. In a brush, the combination with an eyelet-supporting back, of anannealed metal eyelet open at both ends and having a flange at one endin engagement with that face of the back opposite which the bristlesproject. said eyelet being tapered from the flanged end gradually and atapproximately a 6 angle toward its smaller open end, said eyelet at itssmaller end being adapted to receive the butt ends of a knot ofbristles, the metal of the tapered sides of said eyelet adjacent thewider end thereof, being deformed to provide a flange in the eyelet at adistance from its end flange to constitute, in co-operation with saidflange, a means for ifastlening the eyelet to the eyelet-supporting iac9. In the art of brush making, that improvement which consists ininserting a tuft of bristles within a slightly tapered eyelet flanged atits larger end and open at both.

ends, and then inserting said eyelet in an aperture of a plate in such amanner that the flange of the eyelet contacts with one surface of saidplate, then forming a flangefold on the eyelet'at the opposite side ofsaid plate under pressure to fix the eyelet in said plate.

3. In the art of brush making, that improvement which consists ininserting a tuft of bristles within an open-ended eyelet flanged at oneend, then inserting said eyelet through an aperture of a plate in such amanner that the flange contacts with one surface thereof, constrictingsaid eyelet at its nar rower end portion to compress the tuft ofbristles within said eyelet and then forming a flange-fold therein uponand in engagement with the opposite side of said plate.

4. In the art of brush making, that im prorcment which consists ininserting a tuft of bristles within an open-ended, slightly taperedeyelet flanged at its larger end, drawing back said eyelet upon saidtuft of bristles to expose the butt end thereof and permeating said buttend with rubber, moving the eyelet back until its small end closelyapproaches but does not reach the ends of said bristles, vulcanizing thepermeated tufts, then inserting said eyelet through an aperture of aplate in such a manner that the flange contacts with one surfacethereof, constricting said eyelet at its narrower end portion tocompress the tuft of bristles Within said eyelet and then forming aflange-fold therein upon and in engagement with the opposite side ofsaidplate.

5. In the aft of brush making, that improvement which consists ininserting atuft of bristles within an open-ended eyelet flanged at oneend, forming the butt end of said tuft of bristles into a coherent mass,then inserting said eyelet through an aperture of a plate in such amanner that the flange contacts with one surface thereof, constrictingsaid eyelet at its narrower end portion to compress the tuft of bristleswithin aid eyelet and then forming a flangefold therein upon and inengagement with the opposite side of said plate.

6. In the art of brush making, that improvement which consists ininserting a tuft of bristles within an open-ended eyelet flanged at oneend, then inserting said eyelet through an aperture of a plate in such amanner that the flange contacts with one surface thereof, applyingpressure to said eyelet to constrict the same, in diameter. to reduce itin axial length and fold it into the form of a flange in engagement withthe opposite surface of said plate.

7. A brush comprising a supporting plate provided with apertures,bristle-carrying eyelets in said apertures having a flange abuttingagainst the side of the support where the bristles project and afold-flange integral with the eyelet and abutting against the oppositeside of the support, the two flanges being pressed together sufficientlyto prevent rotation of the eyelet in the aperture, said fold-flangepossessing the characteristics of a flange formed in the eyelet afterthe same was inserted in the support, the rear or butt end of the eyeletbeing tightly compressed against the bristles held by said eyelet.

8. A brush comprising a supporting plate provided with apertures,bristle-carrying eyelets in said apertures having a flange abuttingagainst the side of the support where the bristles project and afold-flange integral with the eyelet and abutting against the oppositeside of the support, the two flanges being pressed together sufficientlyto prevent rotation of the eyelet in the aperture, said fold-flangepossessing the characteristics of a flange formed in the eyelet afterthe same was inserted in the support, the rear or butt end of the eyeletbeing tightly compressed against the bristles held by said eyelet, saidbristles being embedded in compressed vulcanized rubber.

9. A brush comprising a supporting plate provided with a plurality ofapertures, eyelets located in said apertures, outer and inner flangesintegral with the latter and clamped against opposite surfaces of saidplate to maintain said eyelets in place and against rotation in saidapertures, said inner flanges each consisting of a section of the eyeletfolded upon itself, and knots of bristles having their ends in saideyelets the latter tapering toward the butt ends and compressed againstthe bristles therein.

10. In the art of brush making, the combination of a metal eyelet openat both ends and having a permanent flange at one end, said eyelettapering from its flange end toward its opposite end, a knot of bristlesprojecting through and beyond the largest end of said eyelet and havingtheir butt ends adjacent to the smaller end thereof and a second flangelocated ata distance from said first flange and formed by folding aportion of the metal of said eyelet upon itself, said flangesconstituting means for fastening the eyelet and its knot of bristles ina brush back.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

FREDERICK S. GHANONHOUSE.

